Astrophysics & Particle Physics-APPC 2026

Cosmology is the study in astrophysics that tries to comprehend the large-scale structure, creation, and evolution of the cosmos. It tries to determine the basic questions regarding the origin of the universe, how it has been evolving over billions of years, and what its ultimate fate could be. At the center of contemporary cosmology stands the Big Bang theory, which suggests that the universe started in the form of a singularity about 13.8 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. This expansion is confirmed through observations like the cosmic microwave background radiation and the redshift of remote galaxies. One of the strongest areas of research in cosmology is the investigation of dark matter and dark energy, enigmatic material that comprises almost 95% of the universe. Dark matter, which is conjectured to keep galaxies intact by its gravitational influence, is contrasted with dark energy, which is suspected to push the universe's accelerating expansion.

Researchers also investigate phenomena that propose to bring general relativity and quantum mechanics together, including black holes, gravitational waves, multiverse models, and quantum cosmology. Improved space telescopes, particle physics, and computer modeling are allowing scientists to chart the cosmic web, examine galaxy formation, and verify predictions of general relativity on cosmological scales. Cosmology also has philosophical implications, including explaining humanity's position in the universe and the nature of existence and time itself. From the earliest moments following the Big Bang to the possible future situations of eternal expansion, cosmic collapse, or heat death, cosmology continues to build our understanding of the universe. Through a synthesis of theory, observation, and advanced technology, cosmologists work to unlock the universe's most fundamental secrets, revealing details about the fabric of reality itself.