Astrophysics & Particle Physics-APPC 2026

Solar Astronomy is that field of astrophysics which is devoted to the study of the Sun, our nearest star, and its effects on the solar system. It is concerned with making an understanding of the Sun's structure, dynamics, magnetic activity, and interaction with planetary environments.

The major research areas are sunspots, solar flares, solar prominences, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These events are solar magnetically driven and have impacts on space weather, which in turn influences satellite functioning, communications, and Earth's magnetosphere.Helioseismology is an important method of solar astronomy that interprets Sun surface oscillations to make inferences about the internal dynamics and structure of the Sun. Observations of the radiation of the Sun, spectral lines, and magnetic field fluctuations give us information about nuclear fusion processes energizing the Sun and mechanisms of energy transport in the interior of the Sun.Solar telescopes and space missions like the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), Parker Solar Probe, and SOHO have transformed the science by bringing high-resolution images and data at many wavelengths from ultraviolet to X-rays.

These devices allow for constant monitoring of the Sun's activity and predict solar storms.Solar astronomy also studies the solar cycle, a periodical variation in the Sun's spot activity and magnetic phenomena of approximately 11 years. Knowing these cycles is crucial for forecasting solar storms and reducing their effects on Earth and space technology by observing the Sun, solar astronomers learn about stellar activity, magnetic field behavior, plasma physics, and star energy production. Solar astronomy research not only increases understanding of our star but also offers a paradigm for comprehending other stars and their impact on planetary systems.In general, solar astronomy ties together observation, theory, and space technology to untangle the intricacies of the Sun and make humanity aware of the star that nourishes life and dictates the space environment of the solar system.