Astrophysics & Particle Physics-APPC 2026

Space Missions and Satellites are critical instruments for the exploration of the universe, observing Earth, and expanding our knowledge of planetary systems, stellar environments, and cosmic phenomena. These missions entail placing instruments in orbit or deep space to collect data that is out of reach from the Earth's surface.Space telescopes, like the Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope, offer high-resolution imaging over several wavelengths, ranging from optical to infrared and X-rays.

These discoveries have transformed our knowledge of galaxies, stars, exoplanets, and the universe's large-scale structure.Planetary missions and interplanetary flights, such as missions to Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and other solar system bodies, give us direct measurements of planetary surfaces, atmospheres, magnetic fields, and composition. These missions assist researchers in the study of planetary formation, habitability, and solar system evolution.Orbital satellites and Earth observation missions track the climate, weather, land use, and environmental changes of our planet, allowing accurate measurements of atmospheric composition, ocean circulation, and vegetation dynamics. Remote sensing satellites help in monitoring disaster, resource management, as well as scientific studies.Space missions tend to include sophisticated instruments, such as spectrometers, cameras, magnetometers, particle detectors, and radio antennas, to study high-energy particles, cosmic radiation, and astrophysical plasmas. Multi-wavelength observations from space satellites supplement ground-based observations, and together they offer the entire view of cosmic and planetary systems.Interstellar flights, such as Voyager and New Horizons spacecraft, venture into the outer solar system and beyond, collecting data on heliosphere dynamics, interstellar medium, and remote planetary systems.

Such missions enhance our understanding of the boundaries of the solar system as well as the local cosmic environment. Space missions and satellites, through their integration of technology, observation, and research, significantly contribute to furthering astronomy, astrophysics, and space science. They give us unparalleled insights into the universe, planetary systems, and Earth, facilitating exploration, discovery, and technological advancement in space research.