Astrophysics & Particle Physics-APPC 2026

Stellar Astrophysics is that branch of astronomy and astrophysics which focuses on the study of the nature, composition, and evolution of stars. Stars are the basic constituents of galaxies, and the study of the life cycles of the stars offers vital knowledge about the past and future of the universe. Stellar astrophysicists examine everything from the star-forming processes in interstellar clouds to their cataclysmic demise as supernovae.Nuclear fusion, which is the process by which stars create energy through the fusion of hydrogen into helium, is the core of stellar astrophysics. This energy generation not only fuels stars but also powers the formation of heavy elements via stellar nucleosynthesis, enriching the universe with the raw materials for planets and life. Stars go through specific stages based on their mass, from the main sequence stage to final forms like white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes.Science of stellar astrophysics also involves stellar structure and atmospheres, star clusters, variable stars, and double systems. With observations of multiple wavelengths plus computational simulations, scientists can simulate stellar interiors, monitor stellar dynamics, and investigate the interactions among stars in galaxies.

High-mass stars contribute a special significance to cosmic evolution, dying in spectacular supernova explosions that disperse heavy elements into space and occasionally deposit compact remnants such as neutron stars or black holes. Low-mass stars, however, live longer and are the dominant stellar populations in galaxies. Current stellar astrophysics is supported by space telescopes, ground-based observatories, and sophisticated theoretical models that continue to expand our understanding of the processes of star formation, the life cycles of stars, and the pivotal role of stars in galactic evolution. Through the study of stars, stellar astrophysics contributes to the unraveling of the greater mysteries of the universe and the role of humanity within it.