Astrophysics & Particle Physics-APPC 2026

Dwarf galaxies are low-mass, small galaxies that are generally less luminous and less massive than spirals or ellipticals. Dwarf galaxies, though small, are crucial for learning about galaxy formation, galaxy evolution, and dark matter distribution in the universe.Dwarf galaxies contribute significantly to cosmology and models of galaxy evolution. They are believed to be the precursors to major galaxies by hierarchical merging processes and shed important light on dark matter distribution within the Local Group and further afield.Dwarf galaxies are observed at optical, infrared, and radio wavelengths, usually targeting stellar content, gas structure, and kinematics. These investigations unveil the intricate interplay among star formation, feedback mechanisms, and environment in governing the evolution of dwarf galaxies, in short. Dwarf galaxies are small but critical cosmic architecture. They are of low mass, dark matter dominated, and have an array of star formation histories, which make them key to galaxy formation, evolution, and the function of small galaxies within the cosmic web.