The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is the diffuse, multi-phase gas that fills the halo around a galaxy but beyond its stellar disk and within its dark matter halo. The CGM is the key interface between galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM) and controls gas inflows, outflows, and the general evolution of galaxies.The CGM is metal-enriched by supernova ejecta and AGN feedback and is informative about the star formation history and galaxy evolution. Ion observations such as O VI, C IV, and Mg II provide information regarding the gas distribution, temperature, and density in the CGM, which assist astronomers in understanding galaxy-gas interactions. The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is a dynamic, multi-phase gas halo enveloping galaxies. Through mediating gas accretion, outflows, and metal enrichment, the CGM plays a vital role in understanding galaxy formation, evolution, and galaxy-intergalactic environment interaction.
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